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Red Rock was an Irish crime drama , set in the fictional seaside town of Red Rock near Dublin, that first broadcast on Virgin Media One (formerly known as TV3) on 7 January 2015.^[1]

Produced by Element and Company Pictures, Red Rock was based around the town's local Garda Síochána station, and the activities of both the uniformed officers and detectives who work there.,^[1] 115 episodes of the programme have been broadcast. The series concluded in January 2020.

• 4Cast
  • 4.1Main characters
• 5Plot
  • 5.1Series 1 (2015)
  • 5.2Series 2 (2016)

Production[edit]

The series was filmed on location or in studios based at the old John Player Factory in Dublin. The factory holds sets representing the Gardaí station, the Neptune Café and several homes. As Red Rock is set in a seaside town, Howth and Dún Laoghaire were often used for on-location shooting.^[2] The series was part funding by the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland from the Sound and Vision Fund which is taken from Irish Television Licence Fee.

Broadcast[edit]

The series was broadcast as part of TV3's prime-time schedule, initially airing on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 8:30pm. Upon commission, the channel revealed that forty weeks worth of episodes had been slated, to air right through until December of that year, with a mid-series break.^[3] From September 2016, the series received a major overhaul, with the theme tune being replaced and episodes extended to double length, with only one episode broadcast per week. The series was also moved to 9:00pm on Mondays to allow for story lines and scenes to be grittier, as the series would be post-watershed. A special double episode, commemorating two years on air, was broadcast on 9 January 2017.

In Ireland, the first episode pulled in an average viewership of 0.32m.^[4] Despite a brief slump in ratings, it grew to become TV3's most popular show, with repeats of the first series airing during the summer hiatus due to viewer demand. In January 2017, it was suggested the series could be axed due to falling viewing figures, but a TV3 representative stated that figures have been 'increasing at a steady pace', and confirmed further episodes had since been commissioned.^[5]

Internationally, the series is broadcast on BBC One in the UK (during Doctors summer break), and in North America and in New Zealand, the series is available for download via Amazon Prime. The first episode to be broadcast on the BBC drew viewing figures upwards of 1.1 million, bringing the total of Episode One to 1.42m, and received positive reviews from viewers and critics alike.^[6]

Cancellation[edit]

In August 2017, the series was placed on hiatus by TV3 due to the lease on the current set expiring, and the production having to be moved to a newly-built set. This subsequently resulted in the second half of the third series, which was due to air from September 2017, being delayed until 2018. TV3 director of programming Bill Malone also stated that the viewing figures for these episodes would ultimately decide on the series' long-term future.^[7]

At the time of hiatus, a further twenty-three episodes were confirmed to have been filmed.^[8] It was also reported that despite it being publicised as a hiatus, production on the series had actually ceased, with props and sets being sold off at public auction.^[9] It was later reported that a further two episodes would be filmed in the autumn of that year, with an insider disclosing to The Herald; 'Twenty-three episodes for next year are already shot and in the can. But what isn't generally known is that two more episodes are being made which will be shot late this year.'^[10] However, despite this, only twenty-three episodes were slated for broadcast, suggesting these episodes were never actually filmed.

Thirteen of the remaining twenty-three episodes aired on TV3 from January 2018,^[11] while eight of the remaining ten episodes were premiered exclusively via Amazon Prime in the United States on the date of the mid-season finale, 23 April 2018.^[12] These eight episodes broadcast on TV3, now rebranded as Virgin Media One, from February 2019. Following the broadcast of Episode 115 on 1 April 2019, Virgin confirmed that the series would not continue.

The final episode broadcast 5 years after the series began broadcasting, and just over 2 years after it had been produced, on the 8 January 2020.

Cast[edit]

Main characters[edit]

Gardaí[edit]

• Richard Flood as Garda Superintendent James McKay (Series 1)
• Conor Mullen as Garda Superintendent Kevin Dunne (Series 2—3)
• Jane McGrath as Garda/Detective Sharon Cleere (Series 1—3.1, 3.3)
• Patrick Ryan as Garda Paudge Brennan (Series 1—3)
• David Crowley as Garda Sean Holden (Series 1—3)
• Boyko Krastanov as Garda Adrijan Kosos (Series 1—2.1)
• Leah Minto as Garda Ash Cahill (Series 3)
• Sean Mahon as Garda Sergeant Brian McGonigle (Series 1—2.1)
• Andrea Irvine as Garda Sergeant/Detective Sergeant Angela Tyrell (Series 1—3)
• Paul Hickey as Garda Sergeant Johno O'Riordan (Series 2.2—3)
• Valerie O'Connor as Garda Detective Inspector Nikki Grogan (Series 1—2)
• Chris Newman as Garda Detective Rory Walsh (Series 1—3)
• Carol O'Reilly as Detective's Clerk Linda McNulty (Series 3)

Townsfolk[edit]

• Cathy Belton as Patricia Hennessy (Series 1—3)
• Adam Weafer as David Hennessy (Series 1—3)
• Jack Nolan as Michael Hennessy (Series 1—3.1)
• Pandora McCormick as Claire Hennessy (Series 1—3.1)
• Paul Roe as Vincent Kiely (Series 1—3)
• Denise McCormack as Bridget Kiely (Series 1—3)
• Stephen Cromwell as Keith Kiely (Series 1—3)
• India Mullen as Katie Kiely (Series 1—2)
• Anthony Brophy as Liam Reid (Series 1—2)
• Róisín O'Donovan as Niamh Reid (Series 1—3)
• Ann Skelly as Rachel Reid (Series 1—3)
• Liam Carney as Tommy Tyrell (Series 1—3.1)
• Darragh O'Toole as Connor Tyrell (Series 1—3.2)
• Mary Conroy as Alice Bruton (Series 2.2—3)

Recurring characters[edit]

• Darren Cahill as Davey Webb (Series 1—2.1)
• Andy Kellegher as Brendan 'Beady' Burke (Series 1—2.1)
• Stephen Jones as Francis 'Laser' Byrne (Series 1—3.1)
• Lorna Meade as Aoife Burke (Series 1—3.2)
• Brid McCarthy as Maggie Brennan (Series 1—3)
• Melanie McHugh as Jules McGonigle (Series 2)
• Shauna Higgins as Melanie McGonigle (Series 1—2)
• Sarah Jane Seymour as Siobhán Reilly (Series 1—2)
• Jonathan Byrne as Joe Fallon (Series 2.1)
• Natalia Cooper as Irena Bajorek (Series 2.1, 3.2—3.3)
• Maghnús Foy as Robbie Scanlon (Series 2.2—3.1)
• Ronan Graham as Mick Moran (Series 2—3)
• Brian Roche as Little Barry (Series 3)
• Barry O'Connor as Tom Callaghan (Series 3)
• Joe Gallagher as Eugene Casey (Series 3)
• Fiona Hewitt-Twamley as Allis Scanlon (Series 3.1)
• Patrick Bergin as Jim Tierney (Series 3.1)

Plot[edit]

Series 1 (2015)[edit]

The Kielys and the Hennessys[edit]

Darren Kiely is found badly beaten on Red Rock Pier; he later dies from his injuries. This brings absent mother Bridget Kiely back into the lives of her children Katie and Keith, and husband Vincent. Michael Hennessy is the lead suspect for the assault; this re-ignites a feud between the Kielys and the Hennessys. To make the situation more complicated Michael's brother David is in a relationship with Katie, something he keeps secret from his solicitor sister Claire and overbearing mother Patricia.

Soon after Bridget comes home, she discovers a box of cash hidden in Darren's room. She keeps quiet about the cash and spends most of it. It is soon revealed that this cash was blackmail money Darren was receiving from David to keep his relationship with Katie secret. Darren was demanding more and more money, causing an angry confrontation between Darren and the Hennessy brothers which resulted in his death. A bitter and angry Michael revealed this to Katie who quickly ended the relationship and reported David's involvement with Darren's death to the gardaí.

David is eventually cleared of all charges due to lack of evidence; he was just about to move on with his life when Katie tells him that she is pregnant and he's the father. They plan to travel to England for an abortion, funded and encouraged by Patricia but Vincent and Bridget think she should keep the baby. As series one ends we see Katie trying to decide whether she should get on the plane or not.

Sharon Cleere and Brian McGonigle[edit]

Garda Sharon Cleere is new to Red Rock garda station. Not long into investigating what happened the night Darren Kiely died she is scanning CCTV footage for the suspect when she sees Sergeant Brian McGonigle in a car kissing a teenage girl in a school uniform. Shocked and disgusted, she takes a copy of the footage and shows it to her partner, Garda Paudge Brennan. Paudge advises her to forget about it and leave it alone. Sharon decides to show the footage to Brian, telling him that an anonymous woman dropped it in. Brian explains that it was just a misunderstanding, thanks Sharon and keeps the footage.

Sharon discovers that the girl is 15 (underage), her name is Rachel, she is friends with Brian's daughter Mel and her father, Liam, who owns the Neptune Café, is a friend of Brian. When Sharon sees Brian with Rachel again she confronts him, Brian gets physically threatening and tells her to back off. Sharon then approaches Rachel and appeals for her to tell somebody about Brian. Rachel denies everything and tells Brian about Sharon. Brian arranges to have Sharon beaten badly while on a call to a break-in at a warehouse, while making it look like he saved her.

Sharon comes back to work despite Brian's efforts. He encourages her to apply for a transfer and when she refuses he begins to bully her at every opportunity while making her look incompetent at her work. This all gets to be too much for Sharon, who lashes out and attacks Brian. When questioned by Superintendent James McKay Sharon breaks down and tells him everything. That's when McKay reveals that Brian has already spoken to him, telling him that Sharon has been harassing him ever since she came on to him and he turned her down and that she'll accuse him of having an affair with an underage girl. Brian's lies cast doubt on everything Sharon says and she becomes an outcast in the station.

Despite the lack of evidence Rachel's father Liam and her sister Niamh are made aware of Sharon's accusations and Rachel is questioned; she denies everything but Liam believes she is lying. As the pressure to tell the truth builds up Rachel becomes distraught and runs away. For several days nobody knows where Rachel is until she makes contact with Brian, who finds her hiding out in a caravan park. She wants to run away with him but instead Brian ends his relationship with Rachel and tells her to go back home. She agrees and Brian leaves.

The next day Rachel still hasn't returned, she becomes suicidal and starts taking sleeping pills mixed with vodka. Doped and nearly dead she calls Brian, who panics and asks for the afternoon off. Sharon and Paudge get wind of this and suspect he knows where Rachel is and decide to follow him. Sharon turns on the GPS on Paudge's phone and glues it to Brian's car. Brian gets to the caravan park where he finds Rachel unconscious; he decides to call for an ambulance but then changes his mind. Sharon and Paudge have tracked Brian to the caravan park and go searching the caravans. As Brian tries to sneak off Sharon catches him and eventually cuffs and arrests him. She finds Rachel and calls an ambulance. McKay and several other Red Rock gardaí arrive on the scene shocked to discover the truth about Brian.

Rachel survives her suicide attempt but is still denying she was in a relationship with Brian. As she is being questioned Brian arrives at the station; he pleads his case to McKay who eventually punches him and sends him to the cells. After talking to Sharon about how Brian was about to let her die, Rachel is convinced to tell the truth about her sexual relationship with Brian.

Paudge Brennan[edit]

As well as being a garda, Paudge Brennan is a 'property tycoon'. He owns several houses in Red Rock and is constantly chasing tenants for rent, going so far as selling debt to nefarious loan sharks. When he's not chasing people who owe him money he himself is being pursued for money he owes to contractors who have worked on his house. One such contractor, unhappy with the payment Paudge settles on, tears the wiring he did out of the walls. Paudge is frustrated and broke, if he doesn't start making money soon he'll lose his mother's house.

Sharon arranges a friend to repair the damage at a cut rate and Paudge is placated. Unfortunately over the past few weeks he has made an enemy of local petty criminal Ollie Coyne. Ollie breaks into the house and proceeds to vandalise it. Paudge gets the call from the alarm company and heads to the house. He arrives just as Ollie has finished destroying the place, and as he enters Ollie hides. Paudge breaks down when he sees the extensive damage done to his property. He then notices a still-lit cigarette butt belonging to Ollie. He fans the cigarette butt, purposely setting fire to the house. What Paudge doesn't know is that Ollie is secretly recording him on his phone.

Sean Holden and Adrijan Kosos[edit]

Garda Sean Holden and Garda Adrijan Kosos are partners and best friends. In the past few months their friendship has gone through a lot - namely a love triangle with Detective Nikki Grogan. Both Sean and Adrijan showed an interest in Nikki and Nikki and Sean began a secret relationship. Adrijan continued his flirtation with Nikki and her rejection was only worsened by discovering her and Sean together as well as Sean's mockery of the situation. The tension between the two grew until Sean pulled a car over for a petty reason. While asking for the driver's licence and registration Adrijan was suddenly run down by a mystery car in the mid season finale. Two months later it is revealed that Adrijan survived but he may have long term damage resulting in headaches and mood swings.

Angela Tyrell[edit]

Sergeant Angela is a mother to Red Rock station as well as at home. However, it is her family life that's proving harder to maintain. Her husband Tommy is seeing another woman as he feels it is a loveless marriage that they are just maintaining for the sake of their sons, Conor (a struggling university student) and Stephen, a footballing prodigy. Angela is struggling to keep it together but that's tough with such a demanding job. It is no surprise that she doesn't notice Conor's growing heroin addiction. When Conor's name is mentioned as a student known to be involved with drugs during an investigation at his university, everything falls into place - Angela and Tommy rush home to find Conor strung out with track marks on his arm.

James McKay[edit]

The footage of Paudge committing arson finds its way into the hands of crime boss Beady Burke. Beady uses it to blackmail Paudge into leaking him confidential garda information and do his bidding. One of the jobs Beady gives Paudge is to inform McKay of the drug dealing operation of his competition, Laser Byrne. When Laser's operation is shut down he blames a young man who works for him, Davey Webb. Davey is stabbed on the Ridge Estate and saved by McKay, McKay decides Davey is the key to bringing down Laser for good and takes him on as an unofficial informant.

McKay becomes convinced that there's a rat and eventually starts to suspect Paudge. The bureau is brought in to investigate, and Paudge is given the all clear, but McKay isn't convinced. Meanwhile, Webb is having a tough time being McKay's informant: Laser knows what he's up to and has his house petrol bombed - Davey's younger sister Chloe is scarred for life. Davey's furious at McKay for what he's been dragged into. McKay sends him away for his own safety but Davey disappears. McKay eventually goes to confront Paudge. Paudge admits to McKay that he's the one leaking information, and McKay brings him down to the station to make a statement. As he exits the car McKay is stabbed by a masked attacker, Davey Webb. Paudge tries to fight him but is stabbed in the process. James McKay dies in the car park of Red Rock garda station.

Series 2 (2016)[edit]

McKay's Killer[edit]

There's a manhunt for McKay's killer. Davey Webb pays a visit to Claire, now a grieving widow, she deciphers from his behaviour that he was the one who killed McKay and he goes on the run only to be eventually caught by Sean and Adrijan. Davey eventually admits his guilt and is sent down for murder. Meanwhile, a guilt ridden Paudge eventually lets it slip to Sharon that he was giving Beady garda information and McKay found out. Sharon is furious at first and tells him to confess to the new boss Nikki. Only when Beady is found dead Sharon stops Paudge and tells him to keep quiet about his crime.

Adrijan's Departure[edit]

Adrijan is increasingly unpredictable since his brain injury forcing Nikki to take him off active duty. Adrijan can't stand this and decides it is time to leave Red Rock and return home to Croatia.

Brian McGonigle Returns[edit]

Brian hasn't been seen since his charge of sexual relations with a minor but arrives back in Red Rock with a plan. To reunite with his family, restart his relationship with Rachel and convince her to retract her statement, blackmail Angela into not testifying at his trial and besmirch Sharon's name. All is going to plan for Brian until his wife Jules works out she's being lied to and kicks him out the day before the trial begins. The next day Brian doesn't show up at his trial, a few days later his body washes up on a beach. Brian has been murdered.

There are several suspects in the investigation of Brian's murder, each one with a motive.

• Sharon: Brian has harassed Sharon, had her beaten and told lies about her.
• Liam: Liam understandably hates Brian for what he's done to his daughter and has already shown he has a temper and has already assaulted Brian in an attempt to get him to stay away from Rachel
• Jules: Brian's wife, she finally found out that her husband has been lying to her and having an affair with an underage girl.
• Rachel: Brian has been leading Rachel along for a long time now, having told her they were going to run away together. Did she find out that was never going to happen?
• Conor: Conor has been weaned off heroin in smaller and smaller doses, meaning his parents have to purchase illegal drugs for him. Brian found out and was blackmailing Angela. Also Conor was briefly in a relationship with Rachel and may have become jealous of Brian.
• Mick: A local criminal who had a vendetta against Brian, Paudge sneaked him his address, did he do anything about it?

It is revealed through flashback that Rachel killed Brian with a lead pipe when he tried to go on the run leaving her behind. Her father Liam showed up soon after and helped her to dispose of the body. Unfortunately due to the gardaí having the wrong murder weapon (a wheel brace with Brian's blood and Conor's prints on it from an earlier minor scuffle between the pair) DNA evidence points to Conor as the killer. Rachel and Liam decide to keep quiet as the evidence piles up against Conor and Angela's career and reputation gets more and more damaged as she fights to clear her son's name. While Conor is in prison awaiting his court date a fellow prisoner finds out that he is the son of a garda and stabs him. The guilt proves to be too much for Liam and he hands himself in, claiming he and he alone killed Brian. Conor is cleared of all charges and survives the stabbing. Nikki is used as a scapegoat and sent for retraining in Donegal.

Michael Hennessy's Return[edit]

Michael comes home from prison.

References[edit]

1. ^ ^ab'Pat Stacey: TV3's new soap gets off to a rocking good start'. Herald.ie. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
2. ^'TV3's Red Rock: 'We don't want to feel like a show created in 1985''. Independent.ie. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
3. ^'TV3 soap 'Red Rock' watched by 323,000 viewers'. Irishtimes.com. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
4. ^McCahill, Elaine (9 January 2015). 'TV3 fired up for ratings war as Red rock rivals Emmerdale'. Herald.ie. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
5. ^Metro.co.uk, Duncan Lindsay for (28 January 2017). 'Is popular Irish soap Red Rock about to be axed?'.
6. ^'UK viewers give Red Rock a warm welcome'. 11 July 2016.
7. ^''Red Rock' goes into hiatus as TV3 hits pause on Garda drama'. www.irishtimes.com.
8. ^https://www.irishmirror.ie/whats-on/film-news/tv3-show-red-rock-faces-11061216
9. ^http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/television/tv-news/game-over-for-tv3s-red-rock-as-insiders-claim-props-being-sold-36084186.html
10. ^https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/television/tv-news/game-over-for-tv3s-red-rock-as-insiders-claim-props-being-sold-36084186.html
11. ^https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a-confusing-episode-over-red-rocks-return-dtnwhgmtq
12. ^https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B0797DP3RD/

External links[edit]

• Red Rock at virginmediatelevision.ie
• Red Rock on IMDb

A gas explosion is an explosion resulting from mixing a gas, typically from a gas leak, with air in the presence of an ignition source. In household accidents, the principal explosive gases are those used for heating or cooking purposes such as natural gas, methane, propane, butane. In industrial explosions many other gases, like hydrogen, as well as evaporated (gaseous) gasoline (American English)/petrol (British English) or ethanol play an important role. Industrial gas explosions can be prevented with the use of intrinsic safety barriers to prevent ignition.

Lower and upper explosive limits[edit]

Whether a mixture of air and gas is combustible depends on the air-to-fuel ratio. For each fuel, ignition occurs only within a certain range of concentration, known as the upper and lower flammability limits. For example, for methane and gasoline vapor, this range is 5-15% and 1.4-7.6% gas to air, respectively. An explosion can only occur when fuel concentration is within these limits.

List of gas explosions[edit]

• The Pittsburgh gasometer explosion occurred during the morning of November 14, 1927 in the north side of Pittsburgh. A large gasometer exploded, killing 28 people and injuring hundreds.
• The Mather Mine disaster occurred on May 19, 1928 at 4:07 PM in Mather, Pennsylvania. A methane gas and dust explosion resulted in the deaths of 195 men.^[1][2]
• The New London School explosion occurred on March 18, 1937, when a natural gas leak caused an explosion, destroying the New London School of the city of New London, Texas. The disaster killed three hundred students and teachers.
• The Cleveland East Ohio Gas Explosion occurred on the afternoon of Friday, October 20, 1944. The resulting gas leak, explosion and fires killed 130 people and destroyed a one square mile area on Cleveland, Ohio’s east side.
• On October 31, 1963, the Indianapolis Coliseum Explosion (later known as the Pepsi Coliseum) occurred during the opening night for the Holiday on Ice show, killing 74 and injuring nearly 400.^[3] The cause was an explosion following a propane tank leak.^[4]
• LaSalle Heights Disaster March 1, 1965. Gas line fractured in a low-cost residential neighborhood near Montreal, Quebec, killing 28 people and injuring 39.
• Reading, Pennsylvania, January 9, 1968. An explosion killed nine persons and demolished two houses. A gas company spokesman said Reading workmen digging in the street to repair a water main had hit a gas line shortly before the explosion.^[5]
• The Richmond, Indiana explosion, on Saturday, April 6, 1968. Two explosions occur in mid-afternoon, in the middle of downtown Richmond, Indiana. The first is caused by a natural gas leak, and the second, by gunpowder and ammunition inside a sporting goods store. 41 people are killed and more than 150 injured. Four square blocks of downtown Richmond, Indiana, are heavily damaged by the explosion or subsequent fire.
• Ronan Point was a 23-story counciltower block in Newham, east London. On 16 May 1968 a gas explosion caused the collapse of a whole corner of the building. Four people were killed in the collapse, with one dying later of injuries.
• In April 8, 1970, a gas explosion that occurred during construction in Tenjimbashisuji Rokuchōme Station, Osaka Municipal SubwayTanimachi Line, Kita-ku, (formerly Oyodo district) Osaka, Japan, resulted in 79 persons dead, 420 persons injured and 495 houses and buildings burned and destroyed.^[6]
• Clarkston explosion on 21 October 1971, a build-up of gas under a shopping centre left 22 dead and around 100 injured.
• 23 October 1980, a propane explosion at Escuela Nacional de Marcelino Ugalde (Marcelino Ugalde Primary School), Ortuella, Vizcaya, Spain. According to the local government's official report, 50 schoolchildren and 3 adult were killed and an additional 128 persons injured.^[7]
• 23 May 1984 Abbeystead disaster - an explosion resulting in 16 deaths and 22 injured from Methane entering waterwork pipes.
• 24 March 1986 Loscoe gas explosion - no fatalities but extensive property destruction, this caused the UK Government to legislate on landfill sites and building practices with regard to landfill gas migration.
• In July 1988, 167 people died when Occidental Petroleum's Alpha offshore production platform, on the Piper field in the North Sea, exploded after a gas leak
• The 1989 Ufa train disaster was caused by a gas explosion from a leaking pipeline as two trains went by, their sparks igniting the gas. 575 people died.
• The 1992 explosion in Guadalajara, Mexico's second largest city, took place on April 22, 1992 in the downtown district of Analco. Numerous gasoline explosions in the sewer system over four hours destroyed kilometers of streets. Officially, 206 people were killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 were left homeless.
• In April 28, 1995, Daegu Subway Line 1 Chapter 1-2 range interval is an explosion occurred on construction sites. The accident caused the accident area in the south west point Daegu Department Store Merchant grouting for new construction sites for drilling a 75mm hole drilling 31 drills by mistake by the city gas pipeline through the holes by punching the gas leak, near drain through a subway construction site been introduced into the explosion by fire of unknown cause is the one to buy. Of 50 m with an explosion of fire soared, and killed 101 people, include 42 Dalseo Sangindong high school students, 202 people were injured in Sangindong, Daegu, South Korea.^{[citation needed]}
• The Humberto Vidal Explosion (sometimes also referred to as the Río Piedras Explosion) was a gas explosion that occurred on November 21, 1996, on the Humberto Vidal shoe store located in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, United States. The explosion killed 33 and wounded 69 others when the building collapsed. It is considered one of the deadliest disasters to have occurred on the island.
• On December 11, 1998, there was a gas explosion in St. Cloud, Minnesota, which killed four people.
• In December 1999, there was a natural gas explosion which completely destroyed one house and severely damaged four other houses in Larkhall, South Lanarkshire. It killed the family of four that lived in the house that exploded. Transco Gas who are responsible for maintaining the Gas Network were fined £15 million as the cause was found to be a severely corroded gas main directly outside the house.^{[citation needed]}
• August 19, 2000, a natural gas transmission pipeline ruptured and a fire killed 12 campers near Carlsbad, New Mexico.^[8]
• On January 17, 2001, natural gas stored underground in Hutchinson, Kansas, leaked into empty brine caverns. Two explosions resulted from the leak. One destroyed two businesses and damaged 26 others. Another destroyed a trailer park killing two people. Sinkholes and gas leaks formed all around the city and the gas had to be slowly burned off.^[9]
• Arkhangelsk explosion of 2004: In Arkhangelsk, Russia, on March 16, 2004, a gas explosion in an apartment killed 58 people. Reportedly, a former gas technician caused the explosion due to a dispute with his former employers.
• On May 11, 2004, the Stockline Plastics Factory in the Maryhill area of Glasgow was destroyed by a gas explosion. The cause was found by a Health and Safety Executive report to be the ignition of gas from a ruptured pipe. Nine people were killed and 37 were injured, 15 seriously.
• The 2009 Viareggio train derailment, in Versilia, Italy, killed 33 people with the explosion of LPG that was contained in one of the train cars.
• September 9, 2010: In San Bruno, California, a suburb of San Francisco, a gas leak and explosion kills eight people. 53 homes were burned down and over 120 homes were damaged.
• On February 10, 2011 in Allentown, Pennsylvania, a gas explosion killed 5 people and levels a city block.^[10]
• On February 5, 2012 in the State of Washington, Josh Powell killed himself and two sons in a gas explosion at their home.^{[citation needed]}
• August 14, 2012, Brentwood, New York (Suffolk County, New York; Long Island): A suspected gas explosion levels a house, killing a toddler and wounding up to 17 others.^[11]
• August 29, 2012, New Milford, Connecticut: An online Associated Press August 29 news article from the Boston Herald stated that, according to the Danbury News-Times, a propane leak explosion killed one man (a friend of the family who lived in the home who was a plumber and had come over to assist), and severely injured the homeowner and the older child of the deceased friend.^{[citation needed]}
• Richmond Hill explosion: a natural gas explosion in the Richmond Hill neighborhood of southern Indianapolis took place on Saturday, November 10, 2012. Two people were killed and about 20 people were injured. The blast caused $4.4 million in damage and 33 homes were damaged severely enough that they needed to be demolished. The explosion was large enough that it registered on IUPUI seismic detectors and was felt for miles. Four people, including the home owner, were charged with felony murder. Prosecutors allege they intentionally caused the explosion for insurance money.^[12]
• On November 23, 2012, in Springfield, Massachusetts, a natural gas explosion destroyed two buildings, including one housing a strip club, damaging a total of 42 buildings. Firefighters, police officers and gas company workers were in the area because of an earlier gas leak. The explosion injured a total of 21 people, including 12 of the firefighters that responded to the gas leak. Astonishingly, there were no deaths relating to the explosion.^[13]
• The 2013 Rosario gas explosion in Argentina on 6 August 2013 left 21 dead.^[14]
• On March 12, 2014, the East Harlem apartment explosion occurred within two buildings in the East Harlem section of Manhattan in New York City. Eight people were killed and more than 70 were injured.^[15]
• On July 31, 2014, the Kaohsiung gas explosions occurred due to gas leak on the gas pipeline beneath the public roads in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.^[16]
• On September 15, 2015, in Pennsville, New Jersey, a main gas line explosion and subsequent fast-moving fire destroyed a modified house building, with a second-story apartment. The building was used as the Law Offices of John Jordan. Kline Construction, a South Jersey Gas Company contractor, was performing work in the area as part of a gas main and renewal project. South Jersey Gas is a natural gas company that serves Salem County, NJ, and also has offices in Atlantic County, NJ, and Gloucester County, NJ. Workers from Kline punctured a natural main gas line nearby causing a gas leak into the basement of the building. As the building's heat source was natural gas, there was a heater with a pilot light in the basement. As the gas built up, the heater's pilot light became the ignition source of the explosion. A year later the company was fined US$300,000 by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities after their investigation found multiple safety violations. No one was injured in the blast or fire. However, the neighboring homes suffered smoke and structural damage as a result.^[17][18]
• On 3 June 2016, there was a gas explosion in the Dutch city of Urk. Three houses were completely destroyed, and three people were wounded.^[19]
• On July 3, 2016, a natural gas explosion occurred in the city of Melvindale, MI when a car crashed through a fence at and hit a large natural gas line. Two buildings in the facility's complex caught fire as a result of the explosion - but no injuries were reported at the facility.
• On August 10, 2016, a gas explosion occurred at an apartment building in Silver Spring, Maryland. The explosion killed 7 and injured more than 40 people.^[20]
• 2016 Portland gas explosion – On October 2, 2016, a series of gas explosions occurred in Portland, Oregon from a construction accident caused by Loy Clark Pipelines who was installing a vault in the sidewalk for Comcast for a new building being built for Portland based Bremik Construction. Eight people were injured, one pet cat had gone missing, one building totally leveled and $17.2 million (USD) in damage was done to nearby buildings.
• On July 2, 2017, a gas leak at a home in Manor Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, caused the death of a gas company employee. Three other people were injured.^[21]
• On September 13, 2018, in the Massachusetts gas explosions, a set of 60 to 100 fires and explosions caused by natural gas occurred in Lawrence, Andover, and North Andover, Massachusetts. Much of the area was evacuated, and several casualties were reported.^[22]
• 2019 Paris explosion – on January 12, 2019, in central Paris, a gas explosion in a house with in a bakery killed 3 and injured about 40.^[23]
• On January 18, 2019, in the Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion, an illicitly tapped fuel pipeline exploded in Tlahuelilpan, Hidalgo, Mexico, killing at least 66 people and wounding 76 others. It is believed the explosion occurred after the line was ruptured by suspected fuel thieves.^[24]
• On April 10, 2019, a gas explosion occurred in downtown Durham, NC.^[25] Two people were killed and 25 were injured.
• On May 19, 2019 a gas explosion occurred at a house in Jeffersonville, Indiana, killing one and injuring two others.^[26]
• On July 6, 2019, around 20 people were injured, two seriously, by an apparent gas explosion at The Fountains shopping plaza in Plantation, Florida, which caused extensive damage to it and surrounding buildings.^[27]
• On July 19, 2019 a gas explosion destroyed a house in Christchurch, New Zealand, and damaged surrounding houses. 6 people were injured.^[28]
• On August 10, 2019, a gas tanker in Morogoro, Tanzaniaexploded, killing 75 and injuring at least 55.^[29]
• On December 6, 2019 a gas explosion occurred in block of flats in Prešov, Slovakia, pressure wave damaged windows of surrounding buildings. 7 people were killed, and dozen of people were injured.^[30]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Propane Explosion Today

1. ^'Final Report On Mather Mine Explosion Pickands-Mather and Company Mather, Pennsylvania May 19, 1928'(PDF). United States Bureau of Mines. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 2, 2014. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
2. ^Humphrey, H. B. 'Historical Summary of Coal-Mine Explosions in the United States, 1810-1958'. UNT Digital Library. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
3. ^Drabek, Thomas (1995-05-18). 'Disaster in Aisle 13 Revisited'. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
4. ^'1963 Coliseum explosion killed 74'. Archived from the original on 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
5. ^'Explosion Kills 9 in 2 Families'(PDF). The Knickerbocker News. 10 January 1968.
6. ^'Case Details:Gas Explosion at a Subway Construction Site'. Archived from the original on 2018-06-02. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
7. ^es:Ortuella#accidente de 1980(Spanish language) Retrieved date on February 14, 2016.
8. ^'CORROSION FAILURES: El Paso Natural Gas Pipeline Explosion'. www.nace.org. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
9. ^'Hutchinson Gas Explosions'(PDF). Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas.
10. ^Seelye, Katherine (10 February 2011). 'Blast Kills 5 in Pennsylvania'. NY Times.
11. ^'Explosion at Long Island home kills 18-month-old boy, injures at least 17 and demolishes house - NY Daily News'. web.archive.org. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
12. ^Rinehart, Jack; Monet, Ebone (12 November 2012). '36 homes critically damaged in explosion in south side neighborhood'. The Indy Channel (Online Article). Archived from the original(News article and video) on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014. Thirty-six homes sustained critical damage in an explosion that killed two people on Indianapolis' south side, inspectors said. The explosion happened Saturday night at a home at 8349 Fieldfare Way in the Richmond Hill subdivision near Sherman Drive between County Line and Stop 11 roads.
13. ^Berry, Connor (2012-11-25). 'Springfield explosion cause: 'Human error,' Massachusetts fire marshal says'. The Republican. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
14. ^José Bordón (August 13, 2013). 'Hallan tres cuerpos más y asciende a 21 el número de víctimas en Rosario' [Three more bodies are found, and the bodycount in Rosario rises to 21] (in Spanish). La Nación. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
15. ^'8th body found in ruins of East Harlem buildings'. USA Today. 13 March 2014.
16. ^http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/local/kaohsiung/2014/08/01/413785/Multipul-gas.htm
17. ^'N.J. fire caused by natural gas explosion, police confirm'. NJ.com. 2015-09-15. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
18. ^'Gas company fined $300K for violations that caused N.J. home explosion'. NJ.com. November 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
19. ^'Gewonden door gasexplosie Urk'. Telegraaf. 3 June 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
20. ^'Natural Gas Explosion Caused Apt. Blast; 3 Victims IDed'. NBC4 Washington. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
21. ^KNAPP, TOM. ''It's really gone': Homeowner says she's in shock after gas explosion destroys her home in Manor Township'. LancasterOnline. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
22. ^Betancourt, Sarah (14 September 2018). 'One dead in Massachusetts after gas explosions ignite dozens of fires'. The Guardian. Retrieved 3 January 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
23. ^Offenbar Gasleck: Tote und Verletzte nach Explosion in Paris (German)
24. ^'Mexico pipeline blast kills 66 and injures dozens more'. BBC News. 19 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
25. ^'Coffee Shop Owner Killed, 17 Others Injured in Downtown Durham Gas Explosion'. WUNC.
26. ^'A house in Indiana exploded, killing one person'. CNN. 19 May 2019.
27. ^'Plantation explosion: Injuries reported at Florida shopping complex'. BBC News. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
28. ^'House destroyed, six seriously hurt in massive explosion at Christchurch house'. stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
29. ^Mwanza, Farajl; Kottasova, Ivana (11 August 2019). 'At least 61 people killed in a fuel tanker explosion in Tanzania'. CNN.
30. ^'Slovakia: 7 die in gas explosion, dozens injured'. DW. 6 December 2019.

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